Oropouche Virus: A Growing Health Concern

What is Oropouche Virus?

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arboviral disease, which is a viral disease transmitted by arthropods, specifically mosquitoes. OROV is caused by the Oropouche virus, which is a segmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus.

Symptoms of Oropouche Virus

Symptoms of Oropouche virus disease typically appear within 3-10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and can include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Headache
• Joint pain
• Muscle pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Rash

Transmission and Prevention of Oropouche Virus

OROV is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly those of the genus Culex. The virus is endemic to the Amazon basin, but travel-associated cases have been identified in travelers from other regions, including the United States and Europe.

There is no specific treatment for Oropouche virus disease, and treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration.

Prevention of Oropouche Virus

The following measures can help prevent infection with Oropouche virus:

• Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when outdoors.
• Use mosquito nets when sleeping.
• Avoid areas with standing water, where mosquitoes breed.

Recent Cases of Oropouche Virus in the United States

In recent weeks, there have been reports of a small number of Oropouche virus disease cases in travelers returning to the United States. As of August 27, 2024, a total of 21 cases have been identified among US residents who had recently traveled to Cuba.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is monitoring the situation and recommends that travelers to areas where Oropouche virus is known to circulate take precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

Conclusion

Oropouche virus is a growing health concern, particularly for travelers to the Amazon basin and other areas where the virus is endemic. While there is no specific treatment for Oropouche virus disease, taking steps to prevent mosquito bites can help reduce the risk of infection.